ABSTRACT
The cultivation of medical ethics includes two aspects, namely, the education of professional ethics in the doctor-patient communication and the cultivation of personal virtues. The morality of doctors is not only a pure personal morality, but mostly based on the professional ethics of "maintaining the connection with the others" in the doctor-patient relationship. In fact, doctors need to deal with and respond to the interaction of doctor-patient communication in medical service activities, and construct professional ethics and personal virtues within an appropriate "degree" range in correct behavior ways, that is, the virtue and ability of doctors’ practical wisdom. In reality, medical recipients of medical skills (patients and their relatives) not only decline but also lack of active dialogue and interaction power with medical professionals. There is a considerable lack of professional medical knowledge and patients have high medical expectations. Starting from the doctor’s professional ethics, it is necessary to not only abide by the medical scientific guidelines and professional ethics, but also take into account patients’ wishes and expectations, use practical wisdom to balance the measurement of medical benefits and risk, and make correct and appropriate scheme suitable for medical cases, with a view to achieving good medical effect. Patients’ good wishes for medical treatment are limited by the development degree of medical science and technology. A stable and mature doctor-patient relationship needs to be oriented towards fulfilling others, everything except oneself, and oneself. It is necessary to stick to the professional ethics of doctors as professionals, vigorously advocate professional ethics in performing their duties for the sake of obligations, and improve the doctors’ personal practical wisdom and virtue ability. Exploring the practice of medical wisdom from the perspective of medical treatment, grasping the wisdom of medical practice through the coordinated development of medical personal morality and professional ethics to explore the reflection and expression of doctors’ private ethics and professional ethics in promoting the construction of "the art of benevolence".
ABSTRACT
This study clarified practices in end-of-life care for non-malignant chronic illness patients by expert nurses in general hospitals. Interviews with 7 chronic illness specialist nurses on practice cases were conducted, and final labels were elicited using a qualitative synthesis method（KJ method）. As patients’ conditions deteriorated, nurses defined the necessary interactions to support patients’ decision-making for living their own way of life and accompany patients and families based on their experience, and using patients’ restoration of self-esteem, sense of satisfaction, and acceptance as indices. In general hospitals, measures to cope with pain for patients not receiving life-prolonging treatment were insufficient;and while it was difficult to agree on care between medical professionals and to maintain care in other facilities, expert nurses grasped patients’ wishes on a daily basis and made arrangements for them to permeate through family and community care systems. In end-of-life care in treatment settings, it is necessary to be supportive so that the family and medical professionals can continue the patient’s care. Medical professionals who have been involved from the initial diagnosis stage need to improve their awareness and support skills as medical professionals to be involved purposefully from an early stage to the final stage.
ABSTRACT
As relações entre arte e trabalho remontam aos primórdios da existência humana, sendo o fazer literário uma das mais antigas e conhecidas formas de arte. O fazer literário oferece um campo de estudos favorável à compreensão da potencialidade do trabalho de criação na constituição do sujeito. O objetivo deste estudo é discutir aspectos da sabedoria prática, a partir do trabalho de criação artística do fazer literário, como aspecto significativo do processo de subjetivação. A investigação é parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla, concluída com base no referencial teórico da psicodinâmica do trabalho. A abordagem é qualitativa e exploratória, com metodologia de pesquisa documental. Foram analisadas 33 entrevistas e depoimentos de escritores publicadas no Brasil nos últimos 25 anos, a partir da técnica da Análise dos Núcleos de Sentidos (ANS). A análise dos resultados destacou a forma e a temporalidade singulares da sabedoria prática, configurada como processo subjetivo de permanente invenção das situações de trabalho e do sujeito. Conclui-se que a análise dos trabalhos de criação, que resultam em forte implicação subjetiva, fornece operadores críticos significativos das estruturas sociais, institucionais e organizacionais que produzem o trabalho alienado e que podem subsidiar análises e intervenções nessas situações.
The relationship between art and work goes back to the beginnings of human existence, literary production being one of the oldest and best known art forms. Literary production offers a favorable field of study for understanding the potential of creative work in the constitution of the subject. The objective of this study is to discuss aspects of practical wisdom, from the creative work of literary art, as a significant aspect of the process of subjectivization. The investigation is part of a larger study, completed on the basis of theoretical psychodynamics of work. The approach is qualitative and exploratory, with a documentary research methodology. We analyzed 33 interviews and testimonies of writers published in Brazil in the last 25 years, based on the technical analysis of the Centers for Senses (ANS). The results highlighted the unique form and temporality of practical wisdom, set up as a subjective process of continuous invention of work situations and of the subject. It is concluded that the analysis of creative work, resulting in a strong subjective implication, provides workers significant critics of social, institutional and organizational structures producing alienated labor, which can provide analysis and assistance in these situations.